Improve API of ErrorAttributes and DefaultErrorAttributes

This commit improves the backward-compatibility of the ErrorAttributes
interfaces by providing a default implementation of a new method. It
also encapsulates several parameters that control the inclusion or
exclusion of error attributes into a new ErrorAttributeOptions type to
make it easier and less intrusive to add additional options in the
future. This encapsulation also makes the handling of the
includeException option more similar to other options.

Fixes gh-21324

spring-boot-project/spring-boot-actuator-autoconfigure/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/actuate/autoconfigure/web/servlet/ManagementErrorEndpoint.java

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ package org.springframework.boot.actuate.autoconfigure.web.servlet;
 import java.util.Map;
 
 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ErrorProperties;
+import org.springframework.boot.web.error.ErrorAttributeOptions;
 import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.error.ErrorAttributes;
 import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.error.ErrorController;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
@@ -53,10 +54,27 @@ public class ManagementErrorEndpoint {
 	@RequestMapping("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}")
 	@ResponseBody
 	public Map<String, Object> invoke(ServletWebRequest request) {
-		return this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(request, includeStackTrace(request), includeMessage(request),
-				includeBindingErrors(request));
+		return this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(request, getErrorAttributeOptions(request));
 	}
 
+	private ErrorAttributeOptions getErrorAttributeOptions(ServletWebRequest request) {
+		ErrorAttributeOptions options = ErrorAttributeOptions.defaults();
+		if (this.errorProperties.isIncludeException()) {
+			options = options.including(ErrorAttributeOptions.Include.EXCEPTION);
+		}
+		if (includeStackTrace(request)) {
+			options = options.including(ErrorAttributeOptions.Include.STACK_TRACE);
+		}
+		if (includeMessage(request)) {
+			options = options.including(ErrorAttributeOptions.Include.MESSAGE);
+		}
+		if (includeBindingErrors(request)) {
+			options = options.including(ErrorAttributeOptions.Include.BINDING_ERRORS);
+		}
+		return options;
+	}
+
+	@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
 	private boolean includeStackTrace(ServletWebRequest request) {
 		switch (this.errorProperties.getIncludeStacktrace()) {
 		case ALWAYS:

spring-boot-project/spring-boot-actuator-autoconfigure/src/test/java/org/springframework/boot/actuate/autoconfigure/web/servlet/ManagementErrorEndpointTests.java

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 package org.springframework.boot.actuate.autoconfigure.web.servlet;
 
+import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Map;
 
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.error.DefaultErrorAttributes;
 import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.error.ErrorAttributes;
 import org.springframework.mock.web.MockHttpServletRequest;
 import org.springframework.web.context.request.ServletWebRequest;
+import org.springframework.web.context.request.WebRequest;
 
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
 
@@ -103,4 +105,63 @@ class ManagementErrorEndpointTests {
 		assertThat(response).doesNotContainKey("trace");
 	}
 
+	@Test
+	void errorResponseWithCustomErrorAttributesUsingDeprecatedApi() {
+		ErrorAttributes attributes = new ErrorAttributes() {
+			@Override
+			public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(WebRequest webRequest, boolean includeStackTrace) {
+				Map<String, Object> response = new HashMap<>();
+				response.put("message", "An error occurred");
+				return response;
+			}
+
+			@Override
+			public Throwable getError(WebRequest webRequest) {
+				return null;
+			}
+		};
+		ManagementErrorEndpoint endpoint = new ManagementErrorEndpoint(attributes, this.errorProperties);
+		Map<String, Object> response = endpoint.invoke(new ServletWebRequest(new MockHttpServletRequest()));
+		assertThat(response).hasSize(1);
+		assertThat(response).containsEntry("message", "An error occurred");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void errorResponseWithDefaultErrorAttributesSubclassUsingDeprecatedApiAndDelegation() {
+		ErrorAttributes attributes = new DefaultErrorAttributes() {
+			@Override
+			@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
+			public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(WebRequest webRequest, boolean includeStackTrace) {
+				Map<String, Object> response = super.getErrorAttributes(webRequest, includeStackTrace);
+				response.put("error", "custom error");
+				response.put("custom", "value");
+				response.remove("path");
+				return response;
+			}
+		};
+		ManagementErrorEndpoint endpoint = new ManagementErrorEndpoint(attributes, this.errorProperties);
+		Map<String, Object> response = endpoint.invoke(new ServletWebRequest(new MockHttpServletRequest()));
+		assertThat(response).containsEntry("error", "custom error");
+		assertThat(response).containsEntry("custom", "value");
+		assertThat(response).doesNotContainKey("path");
+		assertThat(response).containsKey("timestamp");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void errorResponseWithDefaultErrorAttributesSubclassUsingDeprecatedApiWithoutDelegation() {
+		ErrorAttributes attributes = new DefaultErrorAttributes() {
+			@Override
+			@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
+			public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(WebRequest webRequest, boolean includeStackTrace) {
+				Map<String, Object> response = new HashMap<>();
+				response.put("error", "custom error");
+				return response;
+			}
+		};
+		ManagementErrorEndpoint endpoint = new ManagementErrorEndpoint(attributes, this.errorProperties);
+		Map<String, Object> response = endpoint.invoke(new ServletWebRequest(new MockHttpServletRequest()));
+		assertThat(response).hasSize(1);
+		assertThat(response).containsEntry("error", "custom error");
+	}
+
 }

spring-boot-project/spring-boot-autoconfigure/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/web/reactive/error/AbstractErrorWebExceptionHandler.java

@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;
 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.template.TemplateAvailabilityProviders;
 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ResourceProperties;
+import org.springframework.boot.web.error.ErrorAttributeOptions;
+import org.springframework.boot.web.error.ErrorAttributeOptions.Include;
 import org.springframework.boot.web.reactive.error.ErrorAttributes;
 import org.springframework.boot.web.reactive.error.ErrorWebExceptionHandler;
 import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
@@ -134,26 +136,23 @@ public abstract class AbstractErrorWebExceptionHandler implements ErrorWebExcept
 	 * @param includeStackTrace whether to include the error stacktrace information
 	 * @return the error attributes as a Map
 	 * @deprecated since 2.3.0 in favor of
-	 * {@link #getErrorAttributes(ServerRequest, boolean, boolean, boolean)}
+	 * {@link #getErrorAttributes(ServerRequest, ErrorAttributeOptions)}
 	 */
 	@Deprecated
 	protected Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(ServerRequest request, boolean includeStackTrace) {
-		return this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(request, includeStackTrace, false, false);
+		return getErrorAttributes(request,
+				(includeStackTrace) ? ErrorAttributeOptions.of(Include.STACK_TRACE) : ErrorAttributeOptions.defaults());
 	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Extract the error attributes from the current request, to be used to populate error
 	 * views or JSON payloads.
 	 * @param request the source request
-	 * @param includeStackTrace whether to include the stacktrace attribute
-	 * @param includeMessage whether to include the message attribute
-	 * @param includeBindingErrors whether to include the errors attribute
+	 * @param options options to control error attributes
 	 * @return the error attributes as a Map
 	 */
-	protected Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(ServerRequest request, boolean includeStackTrace,
-			boolean includeMessage, boolean includeBindingErrors) {
-		return this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(request, includeStackTrace, includeMessage,
-				includeBindingErrors);
+	protected Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(ServerRequest request, ErrorAttributeOptions options) {
+		return this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(request, options);
 	}
 
 	/**

spring-boot-project/spring-boot-autoconfigure/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/web/reactive/error/DefaultErrorWebExceptionHandler.java

@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
 
 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ErrorProperties;
 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ResourceProperties;
+import org.springframework.boot.web.error.ErrorAttributeOptions;
+import org.springframework.boot.web.error.ErrorAttributeOptions.Include;
 import org.springframework.boot.web.reactive.error.ErrorAttributes;
 import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
 import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
@@ -113,11 +115,7 @@ public class DefaultErrorWebExceptionHandler extends AbstractErrorWebExceptionHa
 	 * @return a {@code Publisher} of the HTTP response
 	 */
 	protected Mono<ServerResponse> renderErrorView(ServerRequest request) {
-		boolean includeStackTrace = isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML);
-		boolean includeMessage = isIncludeMessage(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML);
-		boolean includeBindingErrors = isIncludeBindingErrors(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML);
-		Map<String, Object> error = getErrorAttributes(request, includeStackTrace, includeMessage,
-				includeBindingErrors);
+		Map<String, Object> error = getErrorAttributes(request, getErrorAttributeOptions(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML));
 		int errorStatus = getHttpStatus(error);
 		ServerResponse.BodyBuilder responseBody = ServerResponse.status(errorStatus).contentType(TEXT_HTML_UTF8);
 		return Flux.just(getData(errorStatus).toArray(new String[] {}))
@@ -144,15 +142,28 @@ public class DefaultErrorWebExceptionHandler extends AbstractErrorWebExceptionHa
 	 * @return a {@code Publisher} of the HTTP response
 	 */
 	protected Mono<ServerResponse> renderErrorResponse(ServerRequest request) {
-		boolean includeStackTrace = isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.ALL);
-		boolean includeMessage = isIncludeMessage(request, MediaType.ALL);
-		boolean includeBindingErrors = isIncludeBindingErrors(request, MediaType.ALL);
-		Map<String, Object> error = getErrorAttributes(request, includeStackTrace, includeMessage,
-				includeBindingErrors);
+		Map<String, Object> error = getErrorAttributes(request, getErrorAttributeOptions(request, MediaType.ALL));
 		return ServerResponse.status(getHttpStatus(error)).contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
 				.body(BodyInserters.fromValue(error));
 	}
 
+	protected ErrorAttributeOptions getErrorAttributeOptions(ServerRequest request, MediaType mediaType) {
+		ErrorAttributeOptions options = ErrorAttributeOptions.defaults();
+		if (this.errorProperties.isIncludeException()) {
+			options = options.including(Include.EXCEPTION);
+		}
+		if (isIncludeStackTrace(request, mediaType)) {
+			options = options.including(Include.STACK_TRACE);
+		}
+		if (isIncludeMessage(request, mediaType)) {
+			options = options.including(Include.MESSAGE);
+		}
+		if (isIncludeBindingErrors(request, mediaType)) {
+			options = options.including(Include.BINDING_ERRORS);
+		}
+		return options;
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Determine if the stacktrace attribute should be included.
 	 * @param request the source request

spring-boot-project/spring-boot-autoconfigure/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/web/reactive/error/ErrorWebFluxAutoConfiguration.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2012-2019 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2012-2020 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ import org.springframework.web.reactive.result.view.ViewResolver;
  * {@link org.springframework.web.server.WebExceptionHandler}.
  *
  * @author Brian Clozel
+ * @author Scott Frederick
  * @since 2.0.0
  */
 @Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@@ -77,7 +78,7 @@ public class ErrorWebFluxAutoConfiguration {
 	@Bean
 	@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = ErrorAttributes.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
 	public DefaultErrorAttributes errorAttributes() {
-		return new DefaultErrorAttributes(this.serverProperties.getError().isIncludeException());
+		return new DefaultErrorAttributes();
 	}
 
 }

spring-boot-project/spring-boot-autoconfigure/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/web/servlet/error/AbstractErrorController.java

@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
 
+import org.springframework.boot.web.error.ErrorAttributeOptions;
+import org.springframework.boot.web.error.ErrorAttributeOptions.Include;
 import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.error.ErrorAttributes;
 import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.error.ErrorController;
 import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationAwareOrderComparator;
@@ -74,18 +76,17 @@ public abstract class AbstractErrorController implements ErrorController {
 	 * @param includeStackTrace if stack trace elements should be included
 	 * @return the error attributes
 	 * @deprecated since 2.3.0 in favor of
-	 * {@link #getErrorAttributes(HttpServletRequest, boolean, boolean, boolean)}
+	 * {@link #getErrorAttributes(HttpServletRequest, ErrorAttributeOptions)}
 	 */
 	@Deprecated
 	protected Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(HttpServletRequest request, boolean includeStackTrace) {
-		return getErrorAttributes(request, includeStackTrace, false, false);
+		return getErrorAttributes(request,
+				(includeStackTrace) ? ErrorAttributeOptions.of(Include.STACK_TRACE) : ErrorAttributeOptions.defaults());
 	}
 
-	protected Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(HttpServletRequest request, boolean includeStackTrace,
-			boolean includeMessage, boolean includeBindingErrors) {
+	protected Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(HttpServletRequest request, ErrorAttributeOptions options) {
 		WebRequest webRequest = new ServletWebRequest(request);
-		return this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(webRequest, includeStackTrace, includeMessage,
-				includeBindingErrors);
+		return this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(webRequest, options);
 	}
 
 	protected boolean getTraceParameter(HttpServletRequest request) {

spring-boot-project/spring-boot-autoconfigure/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/web/servlet/error/BasicErrorController.java

@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
 
 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ErrorProperties;
+import org.springframework.boot.web.error.ErrorAttributeOptions;
+import org.springframework.boot.web.error.ErrorAttributeOptions.Include;
 import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.error.ErrorAttributes;
 import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.server.AbstractServletWebServerFactory;
 import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
@@ -87,9 +89,8 @@ public class BasicErrorController extends AbstractErrorController {
 	@RequestMapping(produces = MediaType.TEXT_HTML_VALUE)
 	public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
 		HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
-		Map<String, Object> model = Collections.unmodifiableMap(getErrorAttributes(request,
-				isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML), isIncludeMessage(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML),
-				isIncludeBindingErrors(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML)));
+		Map<String, Object> model = Collections
+				.unmodifiableMap(getErrorAttributes(request, getErrorAttributeOptions(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML)));
 		response.setStatus(status.value());
 		ModelAndView modelAndView = resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model);
 		return (modelAndView != null) ? modelAndView : new ModelAndView("error", model);
@@ -101,8 +102,7 @@ public class BasicErrorController extends AbstractErrorController {
 		if (status == HttpStatus.NO_CONTENT) {
 			return new ResponseEntity<>(status);
 		}
-		Map<String, Object> body = getErrorAttributes(request, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.ALL),
-				isIncludeMessage(request, MediaType.ALL), isIncludeBindingErrors(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML));
+		Map<String, Object> body = getErrorAttributes(request, getErrorAttributeOptions(request, MediaType.ALL));
 		return new ResponseEntity<>(body, status);
 	}
 
@@ -112,6 +112,23 @@ public class BasicErrorController extends AbstractErrorController {
 		return ResponseEntity.status(status).build();
 	}
 
+	protected ErrorAttributeOptions getErrorAttributeOptions(HttpServletRequest request, MediaType mediaType) {
+		ErrorAttributeOptions options = ErrorAttributeOptions.defaults();
+		if (this.errorProperties.isIncludeException()) {
+			options = options.including(Include.EXCEPTION);
+		}
+		if (isIncludeStackTrace(request, mediaType)) {
+			options = options.including(Include.STACK_TRACE);
+		}
+		if (isIncludeMessage(request, mediaType)) {
+			options = options.including(Include.MESSAGE);
+		}
+		if (isIncludeBindingErrors(request, mediaType)) {
+			options = options.including(Include.BINDING_ERRORS);
+		}
+		return options;
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Determine if the stacktrace attribute should be included.
 	 * @param request the source request

spring-boot-project/spring-boot-autoconfigure/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/web/servlet/error/ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2012-2019 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2012-2020 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@ import org.springframework.web.util.HtmlUtils;
  * @author Andy Wilkinson
  * @author Stephane Nicoll
  * @author Brian Clozel
+ * @author Scott Frederick
  * @since 1.0.0
  */
 @Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@@ -100,7 +101,7 @@ public class ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration {
 	@Bean
 	@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = ErrorAttributes.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
 	public DefaultErrorAttributes errorAttributes() {
-		return new DefaultErrorAttributes(this.serverProperties.getError().isIncludeException());
+		return new DefaultErrorAttributes();
 	}
 
 	@Bean

spring-boot-project/spring-boot-autoconfigure/src/test/java/org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/web/reactive/error/DefaultErrorWebExceptionHandlerIntegrationTests.java

@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
 package org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.error;
 
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
 
 import javax.validation.Valid;
 
@@ -34,6 +36,9 @@ import org.springframework.boot.test.context.assertj.AssertableReactiveWebApplic
 import org.springframework.boot.test.context.runner.ReactiveWebApplicationContextRunner;
 import org.springframework.boot.test.system.CapturedOutput;
 import org.springframework.boot.test.system.OutputCaptureExtension;
+import org.springframework.boot.web.reactive.error.DefaultErrorAttributes;
+import org.springframework.boot.web.reactive.error.ErrorAttributes;
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
 import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
 import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
@@ -43,6 +48,7 @@ import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
+import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.ServerRequest;
 import org.springframework.web.server.ResponseStatusException;
 import org.springframework.web.server.ServerWebExchange;
 import org.springframework.web.server.WebFilter;
@@ -64,7 +70,7 @@ class DefaultErrorWebExceptionHandlerIntegrationTests {
 
 	private final LogIdFilter logIdFilter = new LogIdFilter();
 
-	private ReactiveWebApplicationContextRunner contextRunner = new ReactiveWebApplicationContextRunner()
+	private final ReactiveWebApplicationContextRunner contextRunner = new ReactiveWebApplicationContextRunner()
 			.withConfiguration(AutoConfigurations.of(ReactiveWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration.class,
 					HttpHandlerAutoConfiguration.class, WebFluxAutoConfiguration.class,
 					ErrorWebFluxAutoConfiguration.class, PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration.class,
@@ -343,6 +349,26 @@ class DefaultErrorWebExceptionHandlerIntegrationTests {
 		});
 	}
 
+	@Test
+	void defaultErrorAttributesSubclassUsingDeprecatedApiAndDelegation() {
+		this.contextRunner.withUserConfiguration(CustomErrorAttributesWithDelegation.class).run((context) -> {
+			WebTestClient client = getWebClient(context);
+			client.get().uri("/badRequest").exchange().expectStatus().isBadRequest().expectBody().jsonPath("status")
+					.isEqualTo("400").jsonPath("error").isEqualTo("custom error").jsonPath("newAttribute")
+					.isEqualTo("value").jsonPath("path").doesNotExist();
+		});
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void defaultErrorAttributesSubclassUsingDeprecatedApiWithoutDelegation() {
+		this.contextRunner.withUserConfiguration(CustomErrorAttributesWithoutDelegation.class).run((context) -> {
+			WebTestClient client = getWebClient(context);
+			client.get().uri("/badRequest").exchange().expectStatus().isBadRequest().expectBody().jsonPath("status")
+					.isEqualTo("400").jsonPath("timestamp").doesNotExist().jsonPath("error").isEqualTo("custom error")
+					.jsonPath("path").doesNotExist();
+		});
+	}
+
 	private String getErrorTemplatesLocation() {
 		String packageName = getClass().getPackage().getName();
 		return "classpath:/" + packageName.replace('.', '/') + "/templates/";
@@ -405,4 +431,45 @@ class DefaultErrorWebExceptionHandlerIntegrationTests {
 
 	}
 
+	@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
+	static class CustomErrorAttributesWithDelegation {
+
+		@Bean
+		ErrorAttributes errorAttributes() {
+			return new DefaultErrorAttributes() {
+				@Override
+				@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
+				public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(ServerRequest request, boolean includeStackTrace) {
+					Map<String, Object> errorAttributes = super.getErrorAttributes(request, includeStackTrace);
+					errorAttributes.put("error", "custom error");
+					errorAttributes.put("newAttribute", "value");
+					errorAttributes.remove("path");
+					return errorAttributes;
+				}
+
+			};
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
+	static class CustomErrorAttributesWithoutDelegation {
+
+		@Bean
+		ErrorAttributes errorAttributes() {
+			return new DefaultErrorAttributes() {
+				@Override
+				@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
+				public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(ServerRequest request, boolean includeStackTrace) {
+					Map<String, Object> errorAttributes = new HashMap<>();
+					errorAttributes.put("status", 400);
+					errorAttributes.put("error", "custom error");
+					return errorAttributes;
+				}
+
+			};
+		}
+
+	}
+
 }

spring-boot-project/spring-boot-autoconfigure/src/test/java/org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/web/reactive/error/DefaultErrorWebExceptionHandlerTests.java

@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@ import org.springframework.web.server.adapter.HttpWebHandlerAdapter;
 
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
-import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyBoolean;
 import static org.mockito.BDDMockito.given;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
 
@@ -66,8 +65,7 @@ class DefaultErrorWebExceptionHandlerTests {
 		ResourceProperties resourceProperties = new ResourceProperties();
 		ErrorProperties errorProperties = new ErrorProperties();
 		ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigReactiveWebApplicationContext();
-		given(errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(any(), anyBoolean(), anyBoolean(), anyBoolean()))
-				.willReturn(getErrorAttributes());
+		given(errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(any(), any())).willReturn(getErrorAttributes());
 		DefaultErrorWebExceptionHandler exceptionHandler = new DefaultErrorWebExceptionHandler(errorAttributes,
 				resourceProperties, errorProperties, context);
 		setupViewResolver(exceptionHandler);

spring-boot-project/spring-boot-autoconfigure/src/test/java/org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/web/servlet/error/ErrorMvcAutoConfigurationTests.java

@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.DispatcherServletAutoC
 import org.springframework.boot.test.context.runner.WebApplicationContextRunner;
 import org.springframework.boot.test.system.CapturedOutput;
 import org.springframework.boot.test.system.OutputCaptureExtension;
+import org.springframework.boot.web.error.ErrorAttributeOptions;
+import org.springframework.boot.web.error.ErrorAttributeOptions.Include;
 import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.error.ErrorAttributes;
 import org.springframework.mock.web.MockHttpServletRequest;
 import org.springframework.mock.web.MockHttpServletResponse;
@@ -37,11 +39,12 @@ import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
  * Tests for {@link ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration}.
  *
  * @author Brian Clozel
+ * @author Scott Frederick
  */
 @ExtendWith(OutputCaptureExtension.class)
 class ErrorMvcAutoConfigurationTests {
 
-	private WebApplicationContextRunner contextRunner = new WebApplicationContextRunner().withConfiguration(
+	private final WebApplicationContextRunner contextRunner = new WebApplicationContextRunner().withConfiguration(
 			AutoConfigurations.of(DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.class, ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration.class));
 
 	@Test
@@ -51,7 +54,7 @@ class ErrorMvcAutoConfigurationTests {
 			ErrorAttributes errorAttributes = context.getBean(ErrorAttributes.class);
 			DispatcherServletWebRequest webRequest = createWebRequest(new IllegalStateException("Exception message"),
 					false);
-			errorView.render(errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(webRequest, true, true, true), webRequest.getRequest(),
+			errorView.render(errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(webRequest, withAllOptions()), webRequest.getRequest(),
 					webRequest.getResponse());
 			assertThat(webRequest.getResponse().getContentType()).isEqualTo("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
 			String responseString = ((MockHttpServletResponse) webRequest.getResponse()).getContentAsString();
@@ -69,7 +72,7 @@ class ErrorMvcAutoConfigurationTests {
 			ErrorAttributes errorAttributes = context.getBean(ErrorAttributes.class);
 			DispatcherServletWebRequest webRequest = createWebRequest(new IllegalStateException("Exception message"),
 					true);
-			errorView.render(errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(webRequest, true, true, true), webRequest.getRequest(),
+			errorView.render(errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(webRequest, withAllOptions()), webRequest.getRequest(),
 					webRequest.getResponse());
 			assertThat(output).contains("Cannot render error page for request [/path] "
 					+ "and exception [Exception message] as the response has "
@@ -89,4 +92,9 @@ class ErrorMvcAutoConfigurationTests {
 		return webRequest;
 	}
 
+	private ErrorAttributeOptions withAllOptions() {
+		return ErrorAttributeOptions.of(Include.EXCEPTION, Include.STACK_TRACE, Include.MESSAGE,
+				Include.BINDING_ERRORS);
+	}
+
 }

spring-boot-project/spring-boot/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/web/error/ErrorAttributeOptions.java

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2012-2020 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.springframework.boot.web.error;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.EnumSet;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+/**
+ * Options controlling the contents of {@code ErrorAttributes}.
+ *
+ * @author Scott Frederick
+ * @author Phillip Webb
+ * @since 2.3.0
+ */
+public final class ErrorAttributeOptions {
+
+	private final Set<Include> includes;
+
+	private ErrorAttributeOptions(Set<Include> includes) {
+		this.includes = includes;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Get the option for including the specified attribute in the error response.
+	 * @param include error attribute to get
+	 * @return {@code true} if the {@code Include} attribute is included in the error
+	 * response, {@code false} otherwise
+	 */
+	public boolean isIncluded(Include include) {
+		return this.includes.contains(include);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Get all options for including attributes in the error response.
+	 * @return {@code true} if the {@code Include} attribute is included in the error
+	 * response, {@code false} otherwise
+	 */
+	public Set<Include> getIncludes() {
+		return this.includes;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Return an {@code ErrorAttributeOptions} that includes the specified attribute
+	 * {@link Include} options.
+	 * @param includes error attributes to include
+	 * @return an {@code ErrorAttributeOptions}
+	 */
+	public ErrorAttributeOptions including(Include... includes) {
+		EnumSet<Include> updated = (this.includes.isEmpty()) ? EnumSet.noneOf(Include.class)
+				: EnumSet.copyOf(this.includes);
+		updated.addAll(Arrays.asList(includes));
+		return new ErrorAttributeOptions(Collections.unmodifiableSet(updated));
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Return an {@code ErrorAttributeOptions} that excludes the specified attribute
+	 * {@link Include} options.
+	 * @param excludes error attributes to exclude
+	 * @return an {@code ErrorAttributeOptions}
+	 */
+	public ErrorAttributeOptions excluding(Include... excludes) {
+		EnumSet<Include> updated = EnumSet.copyOf(this.includes);
+		updated.removeAll(Arrays.asList(excludes));
+		return new ErrorAttributeOptions(Collections.unmodifiableSet(updated));
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Create an {@code ErrorAttributeOptions} with defaults.
+	 * @return an {@code ErrorAttributeOptions}
+	 */
+	public static ErrorAttributeOptions defaults() {
+		return of();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Create an {@code ErrorAttributeOptions} that includes the specified attribute
+	 * {@link Include} options.
+	 * @param includes error attributes to include
+	 * @return an {@code ErrorAttributeOptions}
+	 */
+	public static ErrorAttributeOptions of(Include... includes) {
+		return of(Arrays.asList(includes));
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Create an {@code ErrorAttributeOptions} that includes the specified attribute
+	 * {@link Include} options.
+	 * @param includes error attributes to include
+	 * @return an {@code ErrorAttributeOptions}
+	 */
+	public static ErrorAttributeOptions of(Collection<Include> includes) {
+		return new ErrorAttributeOptions(
+				(includes.isEmpty()) ? Collections.emptySet() : Collections.unmodifiableSet(EnumSet.copyOf(includes)));
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Error attributes that can be included in an error response.
+	 */
+	public enum Include {
+
+		/**
+		 * Include the exception class name attribute.
+		 */
+		EXCEPTION,
+
+		/**
+		 * Include the stack trace attribute.
+		 */
+		STACK_TRACE,
+
+		/**
+		 * Include the message attribute.
+		 */
+		MESSAGE,
+
+		/**
+		 * Include the binding errors attribute.
+		 */
+		BINDING_ERRORS
+
+	}
+
+}

spring-boot-project/spring-boot/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/web/error/package-info.java

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2012-2020 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Spring Web error handling infrastructure.
+ */
+package org.springframework.boot.web.error;

spring-boot-project/spring-boot/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/web/reactive/error/DefaultErrorAttributes.java

@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@ import java.util.Date;
 import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
 import java.util.Map;
 
+import org.springframework.boot.web.error.ErrorAttributeOptions;
+import org.springframework.boot.web.error.ErrorAttributeOptions.Include;
 import org.springframework.core.annotation.MergedAnnotation;
 import org.springframework.core.annotation.MergedAnnotations;
 import org.springframework.core.annotation.MergedAnnotations.SearchStrategy;
@@ -42,9 +44,10 @@ import org.springframework.web.server.ServerWebExchange;
  * <li>status - The status code</li>
  * <li>error - The error reason</li>
  * <li>exception - The class name of the root exception (if configured)</li>
- * <li>message - The exception message</li>
- * <li>errors - Any {@link ObjectError}s from a {@link BindingResult} exception
- * <li>trace - The exception stack trace</li>
+ * <li>message - The exception message (if configured)</li>
+ * <li>errors - Any {@link ObjectError}s from a {@link BindingResult} exception (if
+ * configured)</li>
+ * <li>trace - The exception stack trace (if configured)</li>
  * <li>path - The URL path when the exception was raised</li>
  * <li>requestId - Unique ID associated with the current request</li>
  * </ul>
@@ -60,20 +63,22 @@ public class DefaultErrorAttributes implements ErrorAttributes {
 
 	private static final String ERROR_ATTRIBUTE = DefaultErrorAttributes.class.getName() + ".ERROR";
 
-	private final boolean includeException;
+	private final Boolean includeException;
 
 	/**
-	 * Create a new {@link DefaultErrorAttributes} instance that does not include the
-	 * "exception" attribute.
+	 * Create a new {@link DefaultErrorAttributes} instance.
 	 */
 	public DefaultErrorAttributes() {
-		this(false);
+		this.includeException = null;
 	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Create a new {@link DefaultErrorAttributes} instance.
 	 * @param includeException whether to include the "exception" attribute
+	 * @deprecated since 2.3.0 in favor of
+	 * {@link ErrorAttributeOptions#including(Include...)}
 	 */
+	@Deprecated
 	public DefaultErrorAttributes(boolean includeException) {
 		this.includeException = includeException;
 	}
@@ -81,12 +86,6 @@ public class DefaultErrorAttributes implements ErrorAttributes {
 	@Override
 	@Deprecated
 	public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(ServerRequest request, boolean includeStackTrace) {
-		return getErrorAttributes(request, includeStackTrace, false, false);
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(ServerRequest request, boolean includeStackTrace,
-			boolean includeMessage, boolean includeBindingErrors) {
 		Map<String, Object> errorAttributes = new LinkedHashMap<>();
 		errorAttributes.put("timestamp", new Date());
 		errorAttributes.put("path", request.path());
@@ -96,9 +95,30 @@ public class DefaultErrorAttributes implements ErrorAttributes {
 		HttpStatus errorStatus = determineHttpStatus(error, responseStatusAnnotation);
 		errorAttributes.put("status", errorStatus.value());
 		errorAttributes.put("error", errorStatus.getReasonPhrase());
-		errorAttributes.put("message", determineMessage(error, responseStatusAnnotation, includeMessage));
+		errorAttributes.put("message", determineMessage(error, responseStatusAnnotation));
 		errorAttributes.put("requestId", request.exchange().getRequest().getId());
-		handleException(errorAttributes, determineException(error), includeStackTrace, includeBindingErrors);
+		handleException(errorAttributes, determineException(error));
+		return errorAttributes;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(ServerRequest request, ErrorAttributeOptions options) {
+		Map<String, Object> errorAttributes = getErrorAttributes(request, options.isIncluded(Include.STACK_TRACE));
+		if (this.includeException != null) {
+			options = options.including(Include.EXCEPTION);
+		}
+		if (!options.isIncluded(Include.EXCEPTION)) {
+			errorAttributes.remove("exception");
+		}
+		if (!options.isIncluded(Include.STACK_TRACE)) {
+			errorAttributes.remove("trace");
+		}
+		if (!options.isIncluded(Include.MESSAGE) && errorAttributes.get("message") != null) {
+			errorAttributes.put("message", "");
+		}
+		if (!options.isIncluded(Include.BINDING_ERRORS)) {
+			errorAttributes.remove("errors");
+		}
 		return errorAttributes;
 	}
 
@@ -109,11 +129,7 @@ public class DefaultErrorAttributes implements ErrorAttributes {
 		return responseStatusAnnotation.getValue("code", HttpStatus.class).orElse(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
 	}
 
-	private String determineMessage(Throwable error, MergedAnnotation<ResponseStatus> responseStatusAnnotation,
-			boolean includeMessage) {
-		if (!includeMessage) {
-			return "";
-		}
+	private String determineMessage(Throwable error, MergedAnnotation<ResponseStatus> responseStatusAnnotation) {
 		if (error instanceof BindingResult) {
 			return error.getMessage();
 		}
@@ -141,15 +157,10 @@ public class DefaultErrorAttributes implements ErrorAttributes {
 		errorAttributes.put("trace", stackTrace.toString());
 	}
 
-	private void handleException(Map<String, Object> errorAttributes, Throwable error, boolean includeStackTrace,
-			boolean includeBindingErrors) {
-		if (this.includeException) {
-			errorAttributes.put("exception", error.getClass().getName());
-		}
-		if (includeStackTrace) {
-			addStackTrace(errorAttributes, error);
-		}
-		if (includeBindingErrors && (error instanceof BindingResult)) {
+	private void handleException(Map<String, Object> errorAttributes, Throwable error) {
+		errorAttributes.put("exception", error.getClass().getName());
+		addStackTrace(errorAttributes, error);
+		if (error instanceof BindingResult) {
 			BindingResult result = (BindingResult) error;
 			if (result.hasErrors()) {
 				errorAttributes.put("errors", result.getAllErrors());

spring-boot-project/spring-boot/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/web/reactive/error/ErrorAttributes.java

@@ -16,8 +16,11 @@
 
 package org.springframework.boot.web.reactive.error;
 
+import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.Map;
 
+import org.springframework.boot.web.error.ErrorAttributeOptions;
+import org.springframework.boot.web.error.ErrorAttributeOptions.Include;
 import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.ServerRequest;
 import org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.ServerResponse;
 import org.springframework.web.server.ServerWebExchange;
@@ -39,21 +42,23 @@ public interface ErrorAttributes {
 	 * @param includeStackTrace if stack trace attribute should be included
 	 * @return a map of error attributes
 	 * @deprecated since 2.3.0 in favor of
-	 * {@link #getErrorAttributes(ServerRequest, boolean, boolean, boolean)}
+	 * {@link #getErrorAttributes(ServerRequest, ErrorAttributeOptions)}
 	 */
-	Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(ServerRequest request, boolean includeStackTrace);
+	@Deprecated
+	default Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(ServerRequest request, boolean includeStackTrace) {
+		return Collections.emptyMap();
+	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Return a {@link Map} of the error attributes. The map can be used as the model of
 	 * an error page, or returned as a {@link ServerResponse} body.
 	 * @param request the source request
-	 * @param includeStackTrace if stack trace attribute should be included
-	 * @param includeMessage if message attribute should be included
-	 * @param includeBindingErrors if errors attribute should be included
+	 * @param options options for error attribute contents
 	 * @return a map of error attributes
 	 */
-	Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(ServerRequest request, boolean includeStackTrace, boolean includeMessage,
-			boolean includeBindingErrors);
+	default Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(ServerRequest request, ErrorAttributeOptions options) {
+		return getErrorAttributes(request, options.isIncluded(Include.STACK_TRACE));
+	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Return the underlying cause of the error or {@code null} if the error cannot be

spring-boot-project/spring-boot/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/web/servlet/error/DefaultErrorAttributes.java

@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@ import javax.servlet.ServletException;
 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
 
+import org.springframework.boot.web.error.ErrorAttributeOptions;
+import org.springframework.boot.web.error.ErrorAttributeOptions.Include;
 import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
 import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order;
 import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
@@ -67,20 +69,22 @@ public class DefaultErrorAttributes implements ErrorAttributes, HandlerException
 
 	private static final String ERROR_ATTRIBUTE = DefaultErrorAttributes.class.getName() + ".ERROR";
 
-	private final boolean includeException;
+	private final Boolean includeException;
 
 	/**
-	 * Create a new {@link DefaultErrorAttributes} instance that does not include the
-	 * "exception" attribute.
+	 * Create a new {@link DefaultErrorAttributes} instance.
 	 */
 	public DefaultErrorAttributes() {
-		this(false);
+		this.includeException = null;
 	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Create a new {@link DefaultErrorAttributes} instance.
 	 * @param includeException whether to include the "exception" attribute
+	 * @deprecated since 2.3.0 in favor of
+	 * {@link ErrorAttributeOptions#including(Include...)}
 	 */
+	@Deprecated
 	public DefaultErrorAttributes(boolean includeException) {
 		this.includeException = includeException;
 	}
@@ -104,20 +108,35 @@ public class DefaultErrorAttributes implements ErrorAttributes, HandlerException
 	@Override
 	@Deprecated
 	public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(WebRequest webRequest, boolean includeStackTrace) {
-		return getErrorAttributes(webRequest, includeStackTrace, false, false);
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(WebRequest webRequest, boolean includeStackTrace,
-			boolean includeMessage, boolean includeBindingErrors) {
 		Map<String, Object> errorAttributes = new LinkedHashMap<>();
 		errorAttributes.put("timestamp", new Date());
 		addStatus(errorAttributes, webRequest);
-		addErrorDetails(errorAttributes, webRequest, includeStackTrace, includeMessage, includeBindingErrors);
+		addErrorDetails(errorAttributes, webRequest);
 		addPath(errorAttributes, webRequest);
 		return errorAttributes;
 	}
 
+	@Override
+	public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(WebRequest webRequest, ErrorAttributeOptions options) {
+		Map<String, Object> errorAttributes = getErrorAttributes(webRequest, options.isIncluded(Include.STACK_TRACE));
+		if (this.includeException != null) {
+			options = options.including(Include.EXCEPTION);
+		}
+		if (!options.isIncluded(Include.EXCEPTION)) {
+			errorAttributes.remove("exception");
+		}
+		if (!options.isIncluded(Include.STACK_TRACE)) {
+			errorAttributes.remove("trace");
+		}
+		if (!options.isIncluded(Include.MESSAGE) && errorAttributes.get("message") != null) {
+			errorAttributes.put("message", "");
+		}
+		if (!options.isIncluded(Include.BINDING_ERRORS)) {
+			errorAttributes.remove("errors");
+		}
+		return errorAttributes;
+	}
+
 	private void addStatus(Map<String, Object> errorAttributes, RequestAttributes requestAttributes) {
 		Integer status = getAttribute(requestAttributes, RequestDispatcher.ERROR_STATUS_CODE);
 		if (status == null) {
@@ -135,40 +154,29 @@ public class DefaultErrorAttributes implements ErrorAttributes, HandlerException
 		}
 	}
 
-	private void addErrorDetails(Map<String, Object> errorAttributes, WebRequest webRequest, boolean includeStackTrace,
-			boolean includeMessage, boolean includeBindingErrors) {
+	private void addErrorDetails(Map<String, Object> errorAttributes, WebRequest webRequest) {
 		Throwable error = getError(webRequest);
 		if (error != null) {
 			while (error instanceof ServletException && error.getCause() != null) {
 				error = error.getCause();
 			}
-			if (this.includeException) {
-				errorAttributes.put("exception", error.getClass().getName());
-			}
-			if (includeStackTrace) {
-				addStackTrace(errorAttributes, error);
-			}
+			errorAttributes.put("exception", error.getClass().getName());
+			addStackTrace(errorAttributes, error);
 		}
-		addErrorMessage(errorAttributes, webRequest, error, includeMessage, includeBindingErrors);
+		addErrorMessage(errorAttributes, webRequest, error);
 	}
 
-	private void addErrorMessage(Map<String, Object> errorAttributes, WebRequest webRequest, Throwable error,
-			boolean includeMessage, boolean includeBindingErrors) {
+	private void addErrorMessage(Map<String, Object> errorAttributes, WebRequest webRequest, Throwable error) {
 		BindingResult result = extractBindingResult(error);
 		if (result == null) {
-			addExceptionErrorMessage(errorAttributes, webRequest, error, includeMessage);
+			addExceptionErrorMessage(errorAttributes, webRequest, error);
 		}
 		else {
-			addBindingResultErrorMessage(errorAttributes, result, includeMessage, includeBindingErrors);
+			addBindingResultErrorMessage(errorAttributes, result);
 		}
 	}
 
-	private void addExceptionErrorMessage(Map<String, Object> errorAttributes, WebRequest webRequest, Throwable error,
-			boolean includeMessage) {
-		if (!includeMessage) {
-			errorAttributes.put("message", "");
-			return;
-		}
+	private void addExceptionErrorMessage(Map<String, Object> errorAttributes, WebRequest webRequest, Throwable error) {
 		Object message = getAttribute(webRequest, RequestDispatcher.ERROR_MESSAGE);
 		if (StringUtils.isEmpty(message) && error != null) {
 			message = error.getMessage();
@@ -179,13 +187,10 @@ public class DefaultErrorAttributes implements ErrorAttributes, HandlerException
 		errorAttributes.put("message", message);
 	}
 
-	private void addBindingResultErrorMessage(Map<String, Object> errorAttributes, BindingResult result,
-			boolean includeMessage, boolean includeBindingErrors) {
-		errorAttributes.put("message", (includeMessage) ? "Validation failed for object='" + result.getObjectName()
-				+ "'. " + "Error count: " + result.getErrorCount() : "");
-		if (includeBindingErrors && result.hasErrors()) {
-			errorAttributes.put("errors", result.getAllErrors());
-		}
+	private void addBindingResultErrorMessage(Map<String, Object> errorAttributes, BindingResult result) {
+		errorAttributes.put("message", "Validation failed for object='" + result.getObjectName() + "'. "
+				+ "Error count: " + result.getErrorCount());
+		errorAttributes.put("errors", result.getAllErrors());
 	}
 
 	private BindingResult extractBindingResult(Throwable error) {

spring-boot-project/spring-boot/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/web/servlet/error/ErrorAttributes.java

@@ -16,8 +16,11 @@
 
 package org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.error;
 
+import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.Map;
 
+import org.springframework.boot.web.error.ErrorAttributeOptions;
+import org.springframework.boot.web.error.ErrorAttributeOptions.Include;
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
 import org.springframework.web.context.request.WebRequest;
 import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
@@ -40,24 +43,25 @@ public interface ErrorAttributes {
 	 * @param includeStackTrace if stack trace element should be included
 	 * @return a map of error attributes
 	 * @deprecated since 2.3.0 in favor of
-	 * {@link #getErrorAttributes(WebRequest, boolean, boolean, boolean)}
+	 * {@link #getErrorAttributes(WebRequest, ErrorAttributeOptions)}
 	 */
 	@Deprecated
-	Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(WebRequest webRequest, boolean includeStackTrace);
+	default Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(WebRequest webRequest, boolean includeStackTrace) {
+		return Collections.emptyMap();
+	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Returns a {@link Map} of the error attributes. The map can be used as the model of
 	 * an error page {@link ModelAndView}, or returned as a
 	 * {@link ResponseBody @ResponseBody}.
 	 * @param webRequest the source request
-	 * @param includeStackTrace if stack trace element should be included
-	 * @param includeMessage if message element should be included
-	 * @param includeBindingErrors if errors element should be included
+	 * @param options options for error attribute contents
 	 * @return a map of error attributes
 	 * @since 2.3.0
 	 */
-	Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(WebRequest webRequest, boolean includeStackTrace, boolean includeMessage,
-			boolean includeBindingErrors);
+	default Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(WebRequest webRequest, ErrorAttributeOptions options) {
+		return getErrorAttributes(webRequest, options.isIncluded(Include.STACK_TRACE));
+	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Return the underlying cause of the error or {@code null} if the error cannot be

spring-boot-project/spring-boot/src/test/java/org/springframework/boot/web/reactive/error/DefaultErrorAttributesTests.java

@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ import java.util.Map;
 
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
+import org.springframework.boot.web.error.ErrorAttributeOptions;
+import org.springframework.boot.web.error.ErrorAttributeOptions.Include;
 import org.springframework.core.MethodParameter;
 import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
 import org.springframework.http.codec.HttpMessageReader;
@@ -55,14 +57,14 @@ class DefaultErrorAttributesTests {
 
 	private DefaultErrorAttributes errorAttributes = new DefaultErrorAttributes();
 
-	private List<HttpMessageReader<?>> readers = ServerCodecConfigurer.create().getReaders();
+	private final List<HttpMessageReader<?>> readers = ServerCodecConfigurer.create().getReaders();
 
 	@Test
 	void missingExceptionAttribute() {
 		MockServerWebExchange exchange = MockServerWebExchange.from(MockServerHttpRequest.get("/test").build());
 		ServerRequest request = ServerRequest.create(exchange, this.readers);
 		assertThatIllegalStateException()
-				.isThrownBy(() -> this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(request, false, false, false))
+				.isThrownBy(() -> this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(request, ErrorAttributeOptions.defaults()))
 				.withMessageContaining("Missing exception attribute in ServerWebExchange");
 	}
 
@@ -70,7 +72,7 @@ class DefaultErrorAttributesTests {
 	void includeTimeStamp() {
 		MockServerHttpRequest request = MockServerHttpRequest.get("/test").build();
 		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(buildServerRequest(request, NOT_FOUND),
-				false, false, false);
+				ErrorAttributeOptions.defaults());
 		assertThat(attributes.get("timestamp")).isInstanceOf(Date.class);
 	}
 
@@ -79,7 +81,7 @@ class DefaultErrorAttributesTests {
 		Error error = new OutOfMemoryError("Test error");
 		MockServerHttpRequest request = MockServerHttpRequest.get("/test").build();
 		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(buildServerRequest(request, error),
-				false, false, false);
+				ErrorAttributeOptions.defaults());
 		assertThat(attributes.get("error")).isEqualTo(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR.getReasonPhrase());
 		assertThat(attributes.get("status")).isEqualTo(500);
 	}
@@ -89,7 +91,7 @@ class DefaultErrorAttributesTests {
 		Exception error = new CustomException();
 		MockServerHttpRequest request = MockServerHttpRequest.get("/test").build();
 		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(buildServerRequest(request, error),
-				false, false, false);
+				ErrorAttributeOptions.defaults());
 		assertThat(attributes.get("error")).isEqualTo(HttpStatus.I_AM_A_TEAPOT.getReasonPhrase());
 		assertThat(attributes.get("message")).isEqualTo("");
 		assertThat(attributes.get("status")).isEqualTo(HttpStatus.I_AM_A_TEAPOT.value());
@@ -100,7 +102,7 @@ class DefaultErrorAttributesTests {
 		Exception error = new CustomException("Test Message");
 		MockServerHttpRequest request = MockServerHttpRequest.get("/test").build();
 		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(buildServerRequest(request, error),
-				false, true, false);
+				ErrorAttributeOptions.of(Include.MESSAGE));
 		assertThat(attributes.get("error")).isEqualTo(HttpStatus.I_AM_A_TEAPOT.getReasonPhrase());
 		assertThat(attributes.get("message")).isEqualTo("Test Message");
 		assertThat(attributes.get("status")).isEqualTo(HttpStatus.I_AM_A_TEAPOT.value());
@@ -111,7 +113,7 @@ class DefaultErrorAttributesTests {
 		Exception error = new Custom2Exception();
 		MockServerHttpRequest request = MockServerHttpRequest.get("/test").build();
 		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(buildServerRequest(request, error),
-				false, true, false);
+				ErrorAttributeOptions.of(Include.MESSAGE));
 		assertThat(attributes.get("error")).isEqualTo(HttpStatus.I_AM_A_TEAPOT.getReasonPhrase());
 		assertThat(attributes.get("status")).isEqualTo(HttpStatus.I_AM_A_TEAPOT.value());
 		assertThat(attributes.get("message")).isEqualTo("Nope!");
@@ -121,7 +123,7 @@ class DefaultErrorAttributesTests {
 	void includeStatusCode() {
 		MockServerHttpRequest request = MockServerHttpRequest.get("/test").build();
 		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(buildServerRequest(request, NOT_FOUND),
-				false, false, false);
+				ErrorAttributeOptions.defaults());
 		assertThat(attributes.get("error")).isEqualTo(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND.getReasonPhrase());
 		assertThat(attributes.get("status")).isEqualTo(404);
 	}
@@ -131,7 +133,8 @@ class DefaultErrorAttributesTests {
 		Error error = new OutOfMemoryError("Test error");
 		MockServerHttpRequest request = MockServerHttpRequest.get("/test").build();
 		ServerRequest serverRequest = buildServerRequest(request, error);
-		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(serverRequest, false, true, false);
+		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(serverRequest,
+				ErrorAttributeOptions.of(Include.MESSAGE));
 		assertThat(this.errorAttributes.getError(serverRequest)).isSameAs(error);
 		assertThat(attributes.get("exception")).isNull();
 		assertThat(attributes.get("message")).isEqualTo("Test error");
@@ -142,7 +145,8 @@ class DefaultErrorAttributesTests {
 		Error error = new OutOfMemoryError("Test error");
 		MockServerHttpRequest request = MockServerHttpRequest.get("/test").build();
 		ServerRequest serverRequest = buildServerRequest(request, error);
-		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(serverRequest, false, false, false);
+		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(serverRequest,
+				ErrorAttributeOptions.defaults());
 		assertThat(this.errorAttributes.getError(serverRequest)).isSameAs(error);
 		assertThat(attributes.get("message")).isEqualTo("");
 	}
@@ -150,10 +154,11 @@ class DefaultErrorAttributesTests {
 	@Test
 	void includeException() {
 		RuntimeException error = new RuntimeException("Test");
-		this.errorAttributes = new DefaultErrorAttributes(true);
+		this.errorAttributes = new DefaultErrorAttributes();
 		MockServerHttpRequest request = MockServerHttpRequest.get("/test").build();
 		ServerRequest serverRequest = buildServerRequest(request, error);
-		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(serverRequest, false, true, false);
+		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(serverRequest,
+				ErrorAttributeOptions.of(Include.EXCEPTION, Include.MESSAGE));
 		assertThat(this.errorAttributes.getError(serverRequest)).isSameAs(error);
 		assertThat(attributes.get("exception")).isEqualTo(RuntimeException.class.getName());
 		assertThat(attributes.get("message")).isEqualTo("Test");
@@ -163,10 +168,11 @@ class DefaultErrorAttributesTests {
 	void processResponseStatusException() {
 		RuntimeException nested = new RuntimeException("Test");
 		ResponseStatusException error = new ResponseStatusException(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "invalid request", nested);
-		this.errorAttributes = new DefaultErrorAttributes(true);
+		this.errorAttributes = new DefaultErrorAttributes();
 		MockServerHttpRequest request = MockServerHttpRequest.get("/test").build();
 		ServerRequest serverRequest = buildServerRequest(request, error);
-		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(serverRequest, false, true, false);
+		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(serverRequest,
+				ErrorAttributeOptions.of(Include.EXCEPTION, Include.MESSAGE));
 		assertThat(attributes.get("status")).isEqualTo(400);
 		assertThat(attributes.get("message")).isEqualTo("invalid request");
 		assertThat(attributes.get("exception")).isEqualTo(RuntimeException.class.getName());
@@ -177,10 +183,11 @@ class DefaultErrorAttributesTests {
 	void processResponseStatusExceptionWithNoNestedCause() {
 		ResponseStatusException error = new ResponseStatusException(HttpStatus.NOT_ACCEPTABLE,
 				"could not process request");
-		this.errorAttributes = new DefaultErrorAttributes(true);
+		this.errorAttributes = new DefaultErrorAttributes();
 		MockServerHttpRequest request = MockServerHttpRequest.get("/test").build();
 		ServerRequest serverRequest = buildServerRequest(request, error);
-		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(serverRequest, false, true, false);
+		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(serverRequest,
+				ErrorAttributeOptions.of(Include.EXCEPTION, Include.MESSAGE));
 		assertThat(attributes.get("status")).isEqualTo(406);
 		assertThat(attributes.get("message")).isEqualTo("could not process request");
 		assertThat(attributes.get("exception")).isEqualTo(ResponseStatusException.class.getName());
@@ -191,8 +198,8 @@ class DefaultErrorAttributesTests {
 	void notIncludeTrace() {
 		RuntimeException ex = new RuntimeException("Test");
 		MockServerHttpRequest request = MockServerHttpRequest.get("/test").build();
-		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(buildServerRequest(request, ex), false,
-				false, false);
+		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(buildServerRequest(request, ex),
+				ErrorAttributeOptions.defaults());
 		assertThat(attributes.get("trace")).isNull();
 	}
 
@@ -200,8 +207,8 @@ class DefaultErrorAttributesTests {
 	void includeTrace() {
 		RuntimeException ex = new RuntimeException("Test");
 		MockServerHttpRequest request = MockServerHttpRequest.get("/test").build();
-		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(buildServerRequest(request, ex), true,
-				false, false);
+		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(buildServerRequest(request, ex),
+				ErrorAttributeOptions.of(Include.STACK_TRACE));
 		assertThat(attributes.get("trace").toString()).startsWith("java.lang");
 	}
 
@@ -209,7 +216,7 @@ class DefaultErrorAttributesTests {
 	void includePath() {
 		MockServerHttpRequest request = MockServerHttpRequest.get("/test").build();
 		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(buildServerRequest(request, NOT_FOUND),
-				false, false, false);
+				ErrorAttributeOptions.defaults());
 		assertThat(attributes.get("path")).isEqualTo("/test");
 	}
 
@@ -217,7 +224,8 @@ class DefaultErrorAttributesTests {
 	void includeLogPrefix() {
 		MockServerHttpRequest request = MockServerHttpRequest.get("/test").build();
 		ServerRequest serverRequest = buildServerRequest(request, NOT_FOUND);
-		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(serverRequest, false, false, false);
+		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(serverRequest,
+				ErrorAttributeOptions.defaults());
 		assertThat(attributes.get("requestId")).isEqualTo(serverRequest.exchange().getRequest().getId());
 	}
 
@@ -229,8 +237,8 @@ class DefaultErrorAttributesTests {
 		bindingResult.addError(new ObjectError("c", "d"));
 		Exception ex = new WebExchangeBindException(stringParam, bindingResult);
 		MockServerHttpRequest request = MockServerHttpRequest.get("/test").build();
-		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(buildServerRequest(request, ex), false,
-				true, true);
+		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(buildServerRequest(request, ex),
+				ErrorAttributeOptions.of(Include.MESSAGE, Include.BINDING_ERRORS));
 		assertThat(attributes.get("message")).asString()
 				.startsWith("Validation failed for argument at index 0 in method: "
 						+ "int org.springframework.boot.web.reactive.error.DefaultErrorAttributesTests"
@@ -246,8 +254,8 @@ class DefaultErrorAttributesTests {
 		bindingResult.addError(new ObjectError("c", "d"));
 		Exception ex = new WebExchangeBindException(stringParam, bindingResult);
 		MockServerHttpRequest request = MockServerHttpRequest.get("/test").build();
-		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(buildServerRequest(request, ex), false,
-				false, false);
+		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(buildServerRequest(request, ex),
+				ErrorAttributeOptions.defaults());
 		assertThat(attributes.get("message")).isEqualTo("");
 		assertThat(attributes.containsKey("errors")).isFalse();
 	}

spring-boot-project/spring-boot/src/test/java/org/springframework/boot/web/servlet/error/DefaultErrorAttributesTests.java

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 package org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.error;
 
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.Date;
 import java.util.Map;
@@ -24,8 +25,12 @@ import javax.servlet.ServletException;
 
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
+import org.springframework.boot.web.error.ErrorAttributeOptions;
+import org.springframework.boot.web.error.ErrorAttributeOptions.Include;
+import org.springframework.core.MethodParameter;
 import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
 import org.springframework.mock.web.MockHttpServletRequest;
+import org.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils;
 import org.springframework.validation.BindException;
 import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult;
 import org.springframework.validation.MapBindingResult;
@@ -54,21 +59,24 @@ class DefaultErrorAttributesTests {
 
 	@Test
 	void includeTimeStamp() {
-		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(this.webRequest, false, false, false);
+		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(this.webRequest,
+				ErrorAttributeOptions.defaults());
 		assertThat(attributes.get("timestamp")).isInstanceOf(Date.class);
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	void specificStatusCode() {
 		this.request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code", 404);
-		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(this.webRequest, false, false, false);
+		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(this.webRequest,
+				ErrorAttributeOptions.defaults());
 		assertThat(attributes.get("error")).isEqualTo(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND.getReasonPhrase());
 		assertThat(attributes.get("status")).isEqualTo(404);
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	void missingStatusCode() {
-		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(this.webRequest, false, false, false);
+		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(this.webRequest,
+				ErrorAttributeOptions.defaults());
 		assertThat(attributes.get("error")).isEqualTo("None");
 		assertThat(attributes.get("status")).isEqualTo(999);
 	}
@@ -78,7 +86,8 @@ class DefaultErrorAttributesTests {
 		RuntimeException ex = new RuntimeException("Test");
 		ModelAndView modelAndView = this.errorAttributes.resolveException(this.request, null, null, ex);
 		this.request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.exception", new RuntimeException("Ignored"));
-		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(this.webRequest, false, true, false);
+		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(this.webRequest,
+				ErrorAttributeOptions.of(Include.MESSAGE));
 		assertThat(this.errorAttributes.getError(this.webRequest)).isSameAs(ex);
 		assertThat(modelAndView).isNull();
 		assertThat(attributes.containsKey("exception")).isFalse();
@@ -89,7 +98,8 @@ class DefaultErrorAttributesTests {
 	void servletErrorWithMessage() {
 		RuntimeException ex = new RuntimeException("Test");
 		this.request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.exception", ex);
-		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(this.webRequest, false, true, false);
+		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(this.webRequest,
+				ErrorAttributeOptions.of(Include.MESSAGE));
 		assertThat(this.errorAttributes.getError(this.webRequest)).isSameAs(ex);
 		assertThat(attributes.containsKey("exception")).isFalse();
 		assertThat(attributes.get("message")).isEqualTo("Test");
@@ -99,7 +109,8 @@ class DefaultErrorAttributesTests {
 	void servletErrorWithoutMessage() {
 		RuntimeException ex = new RuntimeException("Test");
 		this.request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.exception", ex);
-		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(this.webRequest, false, false, false);
+		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(this.webRequest,
+				ErrorAttributeOptions.defaults());
 		assertThat(this.errorAttributes.getError(this.webRequest)).isSameAs(ex);
 		assertThat(attributes.containsKey("exception")).isFalse();
 		assertThat(attributes.get("message").toString()).contains("");
@@ -108,7 +119,8 @@ class DefaultErrorAttributesTests {
 	@Test
 	void servletMessageWithMessage() {
 		this.request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.message", "Test");
-		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(this.webRequest, false, true, false);
+		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(this.webRequest,
+				ErrorAttributeOptions.of(Include.MESSAGE));
 		assertThat(attributes.containsKey("exception")).isFalse();
 		assertThat(attributes.get("message")).isEqualTo("Test");
 	}
@@ -116,7 +128,8 @@ class DefaultErrorAttributesTests {
 	@Test
 	void servletMessageWithoutMessage() {
 		this.request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.message", "Test");
-		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(this.webRequest, false, false, false);
+		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(this.webRequest,
+				ErrorAttributeOptions.defaults());
 		assertThat(attributes.containsKey("exception")).isFalse();
 		assertThat(attributes.get("message")).asString().contains("");
 	}
@@ -125,7 +138,8 @@ class DefaultErrorAttributesTests {
 	void nullExceptionMessage() {
 		this.request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.exception", new RuntimeException());
 		this.request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.message", "Test");
-		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(this.webRequest, false, true, false);
+		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(this.webRequest,
+				ErrorAttributeOptions.of(Include.MESSAGE));
 		assertThat(attributes.containsKey("exception")).isFalse();
 		assertThat(attributes.get("message")).isEqualTo("Test");
 	}
@@ -133,7 +147,8 @@ class DefaultErrorAttributesTests {
 	@Test
 	void nullExceptionMessageAndServletMessage() {
 		this.request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.exception", new RuntimeException());
-		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(this.webRequest, false, true, false);
+		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(this.webRequest,
+				ErrorAttributeOptions.of(Include.MESSAGE));
 		assertThat(attributes.containsKey("exception")).isFalse();
 		assertThat(attributes.get("message")).isEqualTo("No message available");
 	}
@@ -143,7 +158,8 @@ class DefaultErrorAttributesTests {
 		RuntimeException ex = new RuntimeException("Test");
 		ServletException wrapped = new ServletException(new ServletException(ex));
 		this.request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.exception", wrapped);
-		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(this.webRequest, false, true, false);
+		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(this.webRequest,
+				ErrorAttributeOptions.of(Include.MESSAGE));
 		assertThat(this.errorAttributes.getError(this.webRequest)).isSameAs(wrapped);
 		assertThat(attributes.containsKey("exception")).isFalse();
 		assertThat(attributes.get("message")).isEqualTo("Test");
@@ -153,7 +169,8 @@ class DefaultErrorAttributesTests {
 	void getError() {
 		Error error = new OutOfMemoryError("Test error");
 		this.request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.exception", error);
-		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(this.webRequest, false, true, false);
+		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(this.webRequest,
+				ErrorAttributeOptions.of(Include.MESSAGE));
 		assertThat(this.errorAttributes.getError(this.webRequest)).isSameAs(error);
 		assertThat(attributes.containsKey("exception")).isFalse();
 		assertThat(attributes.get("message")).isEqualTo("Test error");
@@ -164,7 +181,7 @@ class DefaultErrorAttributesTests {
 		BindingResult bindingResult = new MapBindingResult(Collections.singletonMap("a", "b"), "objectName");
 		bindingResult.addError(new ObjectError("c", "d"));
 		Exception ex = new BindException(bindingResult);
-		testBindingResult(bindingResult, ex, true);
+		testBindingResult(bindingResult, ex, ErrorAttributeOptions.of(Include.MESSAGE, Include.BINDING_ERRORS));
 	}
 
 	@Test
@@ -172,38 +189,44 @@ class DefaultErrorAttributesTests {
 		BindingResult bindingResult = new MapBindingResult(Collections.singletonMap("a", "b"), "objectName");
 		bindingResult.addError(new ObjectError("c", "d"));
 		Exception ex = new BindException(bindingResult);
-		testBindingResult(bindingResult, ex, false);
+		testBindingResult(bindingResult, ex, ErrorAttributeOptions.defaults());
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	void withMethodArgumentNotValidExceptionBindingErrors() {
+		Method method = ReflectionUtils.findMethod(String.class, "substring", int.class);
+		MethodParameter parameter = new MethodParameter(method, 0);
 		BindingResult bindingResult = new MapBindingResult(Collections.singletonMap("a", "b"), "objectName");
 		bindingResult.addError(new ObjectError("c", "d"));
-		Exception ex = new MethodArgumentNotValidException(null, bindingResult);
-		testBindingResult(bindingResult, ex, true);
+		Exception ex = new MethodArgumentNotValidException(parameter, bindingResult);
+		testBindingResult(bindingResult, ex, ErrorAttributeOptions.of(Include.MESSAGE, Include.BINDING_ERRORS));
 	}
 
-	private void testBindingResult(BindingResult bindingResult, Exception ex, boolean includeMessageAndErrors) {
+	private void testBindingResult(BindingResult bindingResult, Exception ex, ErrorAttributeOptions options) {
 		this.request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.exception", ex);
-		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(this.webRequest, false,
-				includeMessageAndErrors, includeMessageAndErrors);
-		if (includeMessageAndErrors) {
+		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(this.webRequest, options);
+		if (options.isIncluded(Include.MESSAGE)) {
 			assertThat(attributes.get("message"))
 					.isEqualTo("Validation failed for object='objectName'. Error count: 1");
-			assertThat(attributes.get("errors")).isEqualTo(bindingResult.getAllErrors());
 		}
 		else {
 			assertThat(attributes.get("message")).isEqualTo("");
+		}
+		if (options.isIncluded(Include.BINDING_ERRORS)) {
+			assertThat(attributes.get("errors")).isEqualTo(bindingResult.getAllErrors());
+		}
+		else {
 			assertThat(attributes.containsKey("errors")).isFalse();
 		}
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	void withExceptionAttribute() {
-		DefaultErrorAttributes errorAttributes = new DefaultErrorAttributes(true);
+		DefaultErrorAttributes errorAttributes = new DefaultErrorAttributes();
 		RuntimeException ex = new RuntimeException("Test");
 		this.request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.exception", ex);
-		Map<String, Object> attributes = errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(this.webRequest, false, true, false);
+		Map<String, Object> attributes = errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(this.webRequest,
+				ErrorAttributeOptions.of(Include.EXCEPTION, Include.MESSAGE));
 		assertThat(attributes.get("exception")).isEqualTo(RuntimeException.class.getName());
 		assertThat(attributes.get("message")).isEqualTo("Test");
 	}
@@ -212,7 +235,8 @@ class DefaultErrorAttributesTests {
 	void withStackTraceAttribute() {
 		RuntimeException ex = new RuntimeException("Test");
 		this.request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.exception", ex);
-		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(this.webRequest, true, false, false);
+		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(this.webRequest,
+				ErrorAttributeOptions.of(Include.STACK_TRACE));
 		assertThat(attributes.get("trace").toString()).startsWith("java.lang");
 	}
 
@@ -220,14 +244,16 @@ class DefaultErrorAttributesTests {
 	void withoutStackTraceAttribute() {
 		RuntimeException ex = new RuntimeException("Test");
 		this.request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.exception", ex);
-		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(this.webRequest, false, false, false);
+		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(this.webRequest,
+				ErrorAttributeOptions.defaults());
 		assertThat(attributes.containsKey("trace")).isFalse();
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	void path() {
 		this.request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.request_uri", "path");
-		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(this.webRequest, false, false, false);
+		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes(this.webRequest,
+				ErrorAttributeOptions.defaults());
 		assertThat(attributes.get("path")).isEqualTo("path");
 	}
 

src/checkstyle/import-control.xml

@@ -22,12 +22,18 @@
 				<allow pkg="org.springframework.boot.web.embedded" />
 				<allow pkg="org.springframework.boot.web.servlet" />
 				<allow pkg="org.springframework.web.servlet" />
+				<subpackage name="error">
+					<allow pkg="org.springframework.boot.web.error" />
+				</subpackage>
 			</subpackage>
 			<subpackage name="reactive">
 				<allow pkg="org.springframework.boot.web.codec" />
 				<allow pkg="org.springframework.boot.web.embedded" />
 				<allow pkg="org.springframework.boot.web.reactive" />
 				<allow pkg="org.springframework.web.reactive" />
+				<subpackage name="error">
+					<allow pkg="org.springframework.boot.web.error" />
+				</subpackage>
 			</subpackage>
 		</subpackage>
 	</subpackage>
@@ -99,6 +105,7 @@
 				<allow pkg="org.springframework.web.servlet" />
 			</subpackage>
 			<subpackage name="error">
+				<allow pkg="org.springframework.boot.web.error" />
 				<allow pkg="org.springframework.web.servlet" />
 			</subpackage>
 		</subpackage>
@@ -110,6 +117,9 @@
 				<allow pkg="org.springframework.boot.web.server" />
 				<allow pkg="org.springframework.boot.web.reactive.server" />
 			</subpackage>
+			<subpackage name="error">
+				<allow pkg="org.springframework.boot.web.error" />
+			</subpackage>
 			<subpackage name="server">
 				<allow pkg="org.springframework.boot.web.server" />
 				<disallow pkg="org.springframework.context" />