diff --git a/spring-boot-project/spring-boot-docker-compose/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/docker/compose/core/Regex.java b/spring-boot-project/spring-boot-docker-compose/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/docker/compose/core/Regex.java
index c417ae0d1d4..74e88415179 100644
--- a/spring-boot-project/spring-boot-docker-compose/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/docker/compose/core/Regex.java
+++ b/spring-boot-project/spring-boot-docker-compose/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/docker/compose/core/Regex.java
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ final class Regex implements CharSequence {
 	private static final Regex PATH_COMPONENT;
 	static {
 		Regex segment = Regex.of("[a-z0-9]+");
-		Regex separator = Regex.group("[._]|__|[-]*");
+		Regex separator = Regex.group("[._-]{1,2}");
 		Regex separatedSegment = Regex.group(separator, segment).oneOrMoreTimes();
 		PATH_COMPONENT = Regex.of(segment, Regex.group(separatedSegment).zeroOrOnce());
 	}
diff --git a/spring-boot-project/spring-boot-docker-compose/src/test/java/org/springframework/boot/docker/compose/core/ImageReferenceTests.java b/spring-boot-project/spring-boot-docker-compose/src/test/java/org/springframework/boot/docker/compose/core/ImageReferenceTests.java
index 797b82e09d0..e9eb9045819 100644
--- a/spring-boot-project/spring-boot-docker-compose/src/test/java/org/springframework/boot/docker/compose/core/ImageReferenceTests.java
+++ b/spring-boot-project/spring-boot-docker-compose/src/test/java/org/springframework/boot/docker/compose/core/ImageReferenceTests.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2012-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2012-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
 package org.springframework.boot.docker.compose.core;
 
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Timeout;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Timeout.ThreadMode;
 
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatIllegalArgumentException;
@@ -39,6 +41,16 @@ class ImageReferenceTests {
 		assertThat(reference).hasToString("docker.io/library/ubuntu");
 	}
 
+	@Test
+	void ofSimpleNameWithSingleCharacterSuffix() {
+		ImageReference reference = ImageReference.of("ubuntu-a");
+		assertThat(reference.getDomain()).isEqualTo("docker.io");
+		assertThat(reference.getName()).isEqualTo("library/ubuntu-a");
+		assertThat(reference.getTag()).isNull();
+		assertThat(reference.getDigest()).isNull();
+		assertThat(reference).hasToString("docker.io/library/ubuntu-a");
+	}
+
 	@Test
 	void ofLibrarySlashName() {
 		ImageReference reference = ImageReference.of("library/ubuntu");
@@ -149,13 +161,21 @@ class ImageReferenceTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	void ofWhenHasIllegalCharacter() {
+	void ofWhenHasIllegalCharacterThrowsException() {
 		assertThatIllegalArgumentException()
 			.isThrownBy(() -> ImageReference
 				.of("registry.example.com/example/example-app:1.6.0-dev.2.uncommitted+wip.foo.c75795d"))
 			.withMessageContaining("Unable to parse image reference");
 	}
 
+	@Test
+	@Timeout(value = 1, threadMode = ThreadMode.SEPARATE_THREAD)
+	void ofWhenImageNameIsVeryLongAndHasIllegalCharacterThrowsException() {
+		assertThatIllegalArgumentException().isThrownBy(() -> ImageReference
+			.of("docker.io/library/this-image-has-a-long-name-with-an-invalid-tag-which-is-at-danger-of-catastrophic-backtracking:1.0.0+1234"))
+			.withMessageContaining("Unable to parse image reference");
+	}
+
 	@Test
 	void equalsAndHashCode() {
 		ImageReference r1 = ImageReference.of("ubuntu:bionic");
diff --git a/spring-boot-project/spring-boot-tools/spring-boot-buildpack-platform/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/buildpack/platform/docker/type/Regex.java b/spring-boot-project/spring-boot-tools/spring-boot-buildpack-platform/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/buildpack/platform/docker/type/Regex.java
index c843097d100..648565ee69b 100644
--- a/spring-boot-project/spring-boot-tools/spring-boot-buildpack-platform/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/buildpack/platform/docker/type/Regex.java
+++ b/spring-boot-project/spring-boot-tools/spring-boot-buildpack-platform/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/buildpack/platform/docker/type/Regex.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2012-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2012-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ final class Regex implements CharSequence {
 	private static final Regex PATH_COMPONENT;
 	static {
 		Regex segment = Regex.of("[a-z0-9]+");
-		Regex separator = Regex.group("[._]|__|[-]*");
+		Regex separator = Regex.group("[._-]{1,2}");
 		Regex separatedSegment = Regex.group(separator, segment).oneOrMoreTimes();
 		PATH_COMPONENT = Regex.of(segment, Regex.group(separatedSegment).zeroOrOnce());
 	}
diff --git a/spring-boot-project/spring-boot-tools/spring-boot-buildpack-platform/src/test/java/org/springframework/boot/buildpack/platform/docker/type/ImageReferenceTests.java b/spring-boot-project/spring-boot-tools/spring-boot-buildpack-platform/src/test/java/org/springframework/boot/buildpack/platform/docker/type/ImageReferenceTests.java
index d33abc7f38b..9ec351e503d 100644
--- a/spring-boot-project/spring-boot-tools/spring-boot-buildpack-platform/src/test/java/org/springframework/boot/buildpack/platform/docker/type/ImageReferenceTests.java
+++ b/spring-boot-project/spring-boot-tools/spring-boot-buildpack-platform/src/test/java/org/springframework/boot/buildpack/platform/docker/type/ImageReferenceTests.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2012-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2012-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ package org.springframework.boot.buildpack.platform.docker.type;
 import java.io.File;
 
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Timeout;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Timeout.ThreadMode;
 
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatIllegalArgumentException;
@@ -43,6 +45,16 @@ class ImageReferenceTests {
 		assertThat(reference).hasToString("docker.io/library/ubuntu");
 	}
 
+	@Test
+	void ofSimpleNameWithSingleCharacterSuffix() {
+		ImageReference reference = ImageReference.of("ubuntu-a");
+		assertThat(reference.getDomain()).isEqualTo("docker.io");
+		assertThat(reference.getName()).isEqualTo("library/ubuntu-a");
+		assertThat(reference.getTag()).isNull();
+		assertThat(reference.getDigest()).isNull();
+		assertThat(reference).hasToString("docker.io/library/ubuntu-a");
+	}
+
 	@Test
 	void ofLibrarySlashName() {
 		ImageReference reference = ImageReference.of("library/ubuntu");
@@ -173,7 +185,7 @@ class ImageReferenceTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	void ofWhenHasIllegalCharacter() {
+	void ofWhenHasIllegalCharacterThrowsException() {
 		assertThatIllegalArgumentException()
 			.isThrownBy(() -> ImageReference
 				.of("registry.example.com/example/example-app:1.6.0-dev.2.uncommitted+wip.foo.c75795d"))
@@ -188,6 +200,14 @@ class ImageReferenceTests {
 			.withMessageContaining("Unable to parse image reference");
 	}
 
+	@Test
+	@Timeout(value = 1, threadMode = ThreadMode.SEPARATE_THREAD)
+	void ofWhenIsVeryLongAndHasIllegalCharacter() {
+		assertThatIllegalArgumentException().isThrownBy(() -> ImageReference
+			.of("docker.io/library/this-image-has-a-long-name-with-an-invalid-tag-which-is-at-danger-of-catastrophic-backtracking:1.0.0+1234"))
+			.withMessageContaining("Unable to parse image reference");
+	}
+
 	@Test
 	void forJarFile() {
 		assertForJarFile("spring-boot.2.0.0.BUILD-SNAPSHOT.jar", "library/spring-boot", "2.0.0.BUILD-SNAPSHOT");